1. Cai Yuan Guang Jing
2. Cai Yuan Guang Jin
3. Cai Yuan Guang Jin In Chinese
4. Cai Yuan Guang Jin Meaning

Technological Advances during the Song

Dr Ben Shao-Yuan Leu. Dr Yancheng Cai. Research Assistant Professor Location ZS928 Phone +852 3400 8473.

Printing

By the 9th century, Chinese craftsmen had developed a way to mass produce books by carving words and pictures into wooden blocks, inking them, and then pressing paper onto the blocks. Each block consisted of an entire page of text and illustrations.

1. The Chinese characters on it are either Zhao Cai Jin Bao or Chai Yuan Guang Jin that mean Wealth Coming. There are two styles of this pictures. One is lucky boy and lucky girl carrying ingot with the Characters Zhao Cai Jin Bao You (combined into one big word) on the top. Another style is also the lucky boy and girl riding on horse.
2. Cai Yuan Guang Jin has a similar theme to Fu Nan Fu Nu slots in that it follows the Chinese and Asian style quite closely. The whole design is simple, but there is a certain opulence to it with the red backdrop and gold gilded framing.
3. The estimated prevalence of diabetes among a representative sample of Chinese adults was 11.6% and the prevalence of prediabetes was 50.1%. Projections based on sample weighting suggest this may represent up to 113.9 million Chinese adults with diabetes and 493.4 million with prediabetes.

As in Europe centuries later, the introduction of printing in China dramatically lowered the price of books, thus aiding the spread of literacy. Inexpensive books also gave a boost to the development of drama and other forms of popular culture. The storytellers depicted in the Beijing Qingming scroll (below) may have benefited from “prompt books” that would help them review the stories that they told orally to their audiences.

Movable Type

In the 11th century movable type (one piece of type for each character) was invented. Movable type was never widely used in China because whole-block printing was less expensive, but when movable type reached Europe in the 15th century, it revolutionized the communication of ideas.

Movable type was first created by Bi Sheng (990-1051), who used baked clay, which was very fragile. The Yuan-dynasty official Wang Zhen is credited with the introduction of wooden movable type, a more durable option, around 1297.(1) Cast-metal movable type began to be used in Korea in the early 13th century, and the first font is believed to have been cast there in the 1230s.

More about the History of Printing in China

• Gems in the Rare Books Collection [National Palace Museum]
A brief introduction and two topics: 1) Understanding Rare Books (including the evolution of printing in China); 2) Appreciating Rare Books (including script types and bookbinding). With many images of rare books.

• Treasures of the Forbidden City: Palace Imprints of the Ch’ing Dynasty [National Palace Museum]
With information and examples of various types of publications, plus a section on printing techniques and bookbinding.

For Further Reading

• “Paper,” in Commerce and Society in Sung China, by Shiba Yoshinobu (Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies, 1970), 103-111.

Notes

Cai Yuan Guang Jing

(1) Michael Twyman, The British Library Guide to Printing: History and Techniques (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999), 20-21.

Yuan Shu (pronunciation) (died 199),^[1]courtesy nameGonglu, was a Chinese general and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han central government in 189.^[1] He claimed the title of Emperor of China in 197 under the short-lived Zhong dynasty, two years before his death in 199.

Life[edit]

Early life[edit]

Yuan Shu was from Ruyang County (汝陽縣), Runan Commandery, which is in present-day Shangshui County, Henan. His family had for over four generations been a prominent force in the Han civil service, having produced numerous members in high positions since the first century CE. Descended from Yuan An, who served during the reign of Emperor Zhang, Yuan Shu was a son of the Minister of Works Yuan Feng (袁逢) and his principle wife. Yuan Shu is sometimes described to be a younger cousin^[2][3] of the warlord Yuan Shao, but was actually Yuan Shao's younger half-brother.^[a]

As a young man he gained a reputation for gallantry and liked to go hunting with dogs and falcons. Nominated as Filial and Incorrupt, he later became Intendant of Henan (河南尹) and then General of the Household Rapid as a Tiger (虎賁中郎將).^[1]

Campaign against Dong Zhuo (189–191)[edit]

After the death of General-in-Chief He Jin (22 September 189), Yuan Shu, as the Imperial Corps Commander of the Imperial Tiger Guards, led his men to kill the eunuch faction. When Dong Zhuo seized control of the Han central government, he wanted to appoint Yuan Shu as General of the Rear, but, fearing Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shu fled to Nanyang Commandery,^[4] which he took control over after Sun Jian killed its grand administrator, Zhang Zi.^[5]

Cai Yuan Guang Jin

Yuan Shu participated in the Campaign against Dong Zhuo led by Yuan Shao. He was joined by Sun Jian, whom he appointed to Inspector of Yu Province.^[6] Sun Jian succeeded in defeating and killing Dong's general Hua Xiong (191),^[7] but Yuan Shu grew wary that Sun would become too successful and no longer submit to his command, and temporarily secretly cut off Sun's food supplies, thereby hindering his advance. By the time Sun Jian reached Luoyang, it had been largely destroyed by fires set by Dong Zhuo, whose forces fled westwards to Chang'an, abducting the emperor. However, his soldiers found the Imperial Seal, which Sun Jian passed to his superior Yuan Shu.^[6]

Rule in Nanyang and Chenliu (190–193)[edit]

Yuan Shu's rule in Nanyang was despotic.^[8] After the dissension of the alliance against Dong Zhuo in 191, he vied with Yuan Shao over control of northern China, each establishing opposing alliances. Yuan Shu allied with Yuan Shao's northern rival Gongsun Zan, and Yuan Shao in turn allied with Yuan Shu's southern rival Liu Biao.^[9] Yuan Shu sent Sun Jian to attack Liu Biao, but his general was killed in the Battle of Xiangyang (191). Sun Jian's nephew Sun Ben succeeded him as Yuan Shu's general and Inspector of Yu Province. After this defeat and his unpopularity due to his extravagant regime in Nanyang, Yuan Shu moved his residence to Chenliu, and extended his influence into Yang Province in 192.^[10]

Warlord in Shouchun (193–197)[edit]

In early 193, Yuan Shu suffered repeated defeats, such as the Battle of Fengqiu, by the combined armies of Cao Cao and Yuan Shao.^{[11][12](2:55)} He fled to Shouchun in Jiujiang on the southern bank of the Huai River.^[12](3:25) From his new headquarters, he built up a powerful warlord state. He deposed Inspector Chen Wen of Yang Province and took the title for himself, also claiming to be Lord of Xu Province.^[10]

From 194 to early 197, Sun Jian's son Sun Ce and brother-in-law Wu Jing conquered many territories in Jiangdong on Yuan Shu's behalf. He was less successful in expanding his rule in Xu Province, where he fought against Liu Bei and Lü Bu; the latter briefly allied himself to Yuan Shu in 196, but betrayed him again and drove him back to Shouchun.^[10]

Emperor of Zhong (197–199)[edit]

Cai Yuan Guang Jin In Chinese

Yuan Shu declared himself emperor under the short-lived Zhong (仲) dynasty in early 197, citing superstition as his justification, including the Chinese characters for his given name Shu and courtesy nameGonglu, and his possession of the Imperial Seal. This audacious action made him a target of the other warlords. His extravagant lifestyle and arrogance caused many of his followers to desert him. Most devastating of the departures and defections – both to Yuan Shu personally and to the strength of his forces – was that by Sun Ce, who had conquered most of the Jiangdong territories under Yuan Shu's banner. Following crushing defeats by the armies of Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Lü Bu, Yuan Shu attempted to flee north to join Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao sent his eldest son, Yuan Tan, to try to aid Yuan Shu; however, an alliance between the Yuan brothers who had long hated each other was not destined, as Yuan Tan arrived too late, and Yuan Shu's forces were destroyed by Liu Bei. He died shortly thereafter of sickness and in grief.^[13]

Family[edit]

• Grandfather: Yuan Tang (袁湯)
• Father: Yuan Feng (袁逢)
• Siblings:
  • Yuan Shao, elder half-brother
• Cousins:
  • Yuan Yi, elder cousin
  • Yuan Yin (袁胤), younger cousin
• Spouse: Lady Feng (馮氏), daughter of Feng Fang (馮方)
• Children:
  • Yuan Yao (袁耀), son. After Yuan Shu's death, Yuan Yao and his family fled to Lujiang Commandery to join the minor warlord Liu Xun. After Sun Ce defeated Liu Xun and conquered Lujiang Commandery, Yuan Yao was captured and eventually worked as a Palace Gentleman (郎中) in the state of Sun Quan's (Sun Ce's younger brother) state of Eastern Wu. Yuan Yao's daughter married Sun Fen (孫奮), the fifth son of Sun Quan.
  • Lady Yuan (袁夫人), daughter, personal name unknown, became one of Sun Quan's concubines after she and her brother were captured. She was known for good character but did not give birth. Sun Quan let her raise children which were born by other concubines, however, all the children that she raised died at early ages. When Lady Bu died in 238, Sun Quan wanted to instate Lady Yuan as the empress. Lady Yuan refused with the reason of having no child.
  • Lady Yuan (袁夫人), daughter, personal name unknown, married Huang Yi (黃猗)
• Relatives:
  • Yuan Wei (袁隗), uncle
  • Yang Biao (楊彪), brother-in-law
  • He Kui (何夔), distant cousin

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^See Yuan Shao#Family background for the details on the relationship between Yuan Shu and Yuan Shao.

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcdde Crespigny (2007), p. 1011.
2. ^(绍之从弟也) Sanguozhi vol. 6.
3. ^Houhanshu vols. 74–75.
4. ^(董卓之将废帝，以术为后将军；术亦畏卓之祸，出奔南阳。) Sanguozhi vol. 6.
5. ^(会长沙太守孙坚杀南阳太守张咨，术得据其郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 6.
6. ^ ^abde Crespigny (2006), 769.
7. ^de Crespigny (2006), 333.
8. ^(南阳户口数百万，而术奢淫肆欲，徵敛无度，百姓苦之) Sanguozhi vol. 6.
9. ^(既与绍有隙，又与刘表不平而北连公孙瓚；绍与瓚不和而南连刘表。) Sanguozhi vol. 6.
10. ^ ^abcde Crespigny (2006), 1012.
11. ^de Crespigny (2007), pp. 36.
12. ^ ^abMatt Hollis; Ilkin Gambar, Officially Devin; Nolan Karimov (31 March 2019). 'Sun Ce and Establishment of Eastern Wu - Three Kingdoms Documentary'. Kings and Generals. YouTube. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
13. ^(将归帝号於绍，欲至青州从袁谭，发病道死。) Sanguozhi vol. 6.

• Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
• de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms 23-220 AD. Leiden: Brill. ISBN9789004156050.
• Fan, Ye (5th century). Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu).
• Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.

Cai Yuan Guang Jin Meaning